Mark Bittman: Man v. Meat

As the spokesperson In the Ted Talk, Mark Batman: What's wrong with what we eat, Blatant expresses his once about negative ecological and health impacts of our current food regimen. He describes our modern diet as, â€Å"overwhelmingly meat-centered and hooked on fast food† (TED). Meat's role In our society is massive, and knowing more about it is crucial. When Batman delivers the â€Å"stinging condemnation† of the way we eat now, and many worldwide were listening.Mark Batman's argument, on how eating as much meat and Junk food as we do is negatively affecting the health of our planet and ourselves, is accurate and credible, because of his extensive background in the food Industry and the valid evidence that ties his claim altogether. What Is It about Mark Bellman's great background In the food Industry that makes his argument even more so probable? Well, throughout his career, he has won several awards from the James Beard Foundation and the International Association of Culinary Professionals for his writing and his television series, Batman Takes on America's Chefs. The Beard Awards are the highest honor for food and beverage professionals working In North America. † (lames Beard Foundation) Mark Batman was recognized, for being a culinary professional who had shown excellence and achievement in his field. The CAP Cookbook Awards honor the authors, publishers, and other contributors behind the best of cookbooks published each year† (CAP). Due to this acknowledgement, Blatant now holds â€Å"a coveted mark of distinction† (CAP).According to, the highly awarded journalist and author, Michael Pollen, Mark Batman is one of â€Å"The World's 7 Most Powerful Bodies,† an honor that Batman shared with First Lady Michelle Obama (EGG). In order for Batman to get where he Is currently, he had to work hard and lobby for his position. In 201 2, he was the only regularly-appearing opinion penman in a leading newspaper in the united States, writing rather much exclusively about food, for the most prime paper in the country and one of the most major papers in the world (ICE, 2012).Evidently, due to the outstanding highlights of Mark Batman's food career, he Is a credible source. 1 OF 7 it is now time to take a look at the research that completely ties the claims that he makes together. Other than in the Ted Talk, Mark Batman: What is wrong with what we eat, in an interview with the Institute of Culinary Education, the â€Å"food columnist† continually argues that eating meat is a big problem for the food system.Batman lams that, â€Å"If we had stricter laws on the treatment of animals, and better controls on the use of antibiotics in animals, better waste disposal systems, better environmental controls, it would make meat much more expensive, and if we made meat much more expensive, then sustainable meat and meat raised non-industrially would be more competitively priced† (ICE, 2012). As a result, of higher meat prices, meat consumption rates would decrease. By consuming less meat, the generation of the world's greenhouse gases would also decrease, (Batman, 2008) because eating meat is what is â€Å"destroying our environment† (PETA).Although PETA is a bias source, this statement can easily be proven as correct. Validated through research, what we eat contributes â€Å"more greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO), methane, nitrous oxide, and the like to spew into the atmosphere than either transportation or industry' (Filial, 2009). Many underestimate the importance of eating less meat, over half of the carbon footprint of the average American diet comes from animal products (Take Extinction off of Your Plate). While watching the Ted Talk, Mark Batman: What's wrong with what we eat, I was shocked how big of an impact eating eat has on the Earth and the people who inhabit it.When Batman mentioned that meat was more of a concern than transportation, I started to think bac k to the time when many CEO-friendly people would bike or walk places instead of spreading around â€Å"car pollution. † They, like my past self, had no idea that eating less meat does more than not driving a car. Mark Batman's claim within his concern is accurate, because of the various studies of the negative impacts of meat consumption on our environment. Logically, if eating meat affects something as big as the Earth, it would have a bigger effect on our overall being as well.To back up Mark Batman's claim about how we should have â€Å"better controls on the use of antibiotics in animals†, science-writing intern Cassandra Brooks states that, â€Å"the administration of antibiotics causes health problems, so much so that it can result in antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten the usefulness of medicines that treat people. † That must be one of the key reasons why meat eaters experience more health problems. â€Å"Harvard studies showed that daily meat eaters have approximately three times the colon cancer risk, compared to those who rarely eat meat. † Eating meat encourages the growth of cancer, (ThePhysicians Committee) while plant-based diets promotes a healthy lifestyle that reduces such negative health impacts (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Diets that are rich in fiber, such as a Vegetarian diet, speeds the passage of food through the colon, effectively removing carcinogens, changing the type of bacteria that is present in the intestine, so that there is a reduced production of carcinogenic secondary bile acids. Anti-cancer compounds. Those reasons explain why, vegetarians are at the lowest risk for cancer and have a significantly reduced risk compared to meat-eaters (The Physicians Committee).According to new research in Austrian vegetarians, â€Å"Many people who go vegetarian do so because they are experiencing health problems† (Messing, 2014). Eating meat as we do is killing us, and according to Dry. Frank Huh, c o-author of a new Harvard study on the topic, what is new â€Å"is the magnitude of risk associated with very moderate red meat consumption. † The magnitude for processed meat is even greater than that. The Harvard study concluded that one serving of red meat a day increases the risk of early death by 13 percent. The same single daily serving of processed meat (like bacon or hot dog) increases that risk by 20 percent.And â€Å"one serving† means that little deck-of-cards sized lump that doesn't satisfy anyone over the age of 10. Huh acknowledged that â€Å"it's not really surprising because red meat consumption has been linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. What is surprising is the magnitude of risk associated with very moderate red meat consumption† (Hoffman, 2014). There are both pros and cons when it comes to eating or not eating meat, but the cons of not eating meat are easier to fix than the health rela ted problems that come with eating meat.Eating less or no meat requires change, real change that involves having a clear understanding of meat's critical role in our lives. Just knowing how negative the impacts of eating meat are to the overall health of each person and the evidence that proves it, Mark Batman's claim stands true. Real change in the right direction something that Mark Batman predicts will eventually occur and he believes that his solution to tax Junk food will enable that. The money that comes from taxing Junk food, would be used to subsidize public health measures like making fruits and vegetables less expensive and more widely accessible.Batman compares this change in food to, great strides for minorities, the establishment of Medicare, and tremendous strides for women. By regulating Cafes Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations and taxing Junk, Batman presumes that change is going to happen, and assumes that we are Just too impatient. He believes that the change t hat we want to see is not coming as quickly as we would like it to, and the thing that we need to realize is that real change is a slow process (Ottawa). It took over 20 years, in order to revise nutrition labels.That revision had a â€Å"dramatic effect on what people choose to eat and drink and what products sell in permeates† (Museum Chaw and Thompson). With this improvement, people felt less defeated, now that they had a clearer understanding of the labels and could differentiate between items such as sugars, natural and added. We need to educate the lost by, discouraging the consumption of bad food and encouraging the consumption of good food (Batman, 2012). Previously, before label and other food changes, consumers would Just eat items without knowing what they Just ate.Due to their lack of understanding and the companies' lack of clarification, people would eat more than they needed, resulting in an unhealthy body weight. As someone who likes labels, especially when I am trying to stick to a healthy diet. To avoid the defeat, I would have to do the majority of my cooking at home, homemade. Due to the validated knowledge that has been brought to my attention, I believe that Mark Batman's argument is solid. In Mark Batman's Ted Talk he helps the viewers understand the importance of home cooking and how straying away from it might seem easy, but not at all as healthy as actually knowing what they are eating.Batman states that, â€Å"It is really important to be a home cook,† and informs us that throughout history we have lost that concept. Between the years of 1950-2000, many were sucked into the idea of convenience and the quality of home cooked meals â€Å"was down the tubes† (Batman, 2012) Fewer meals consisted of home cooked breads, desserts and soups, because it all could be purchased at any store. In the ass, women began to enter the workforce, and due to a lack of time and patience, they brought home store bought meals for their families.Home cooking was in a bad state, due to the appealing contents in convenient foods (Batman, 2007). In order for healthy home cooked meals to recycle back up the food chain, â€Å"We need to start acting. We need to start eating and cooking with less meat. Instead of going for meat, go for healthier proteins, such as nuts. â€Å"The time has come to stop raising them industrially and stop eating them thoughtlessly' (Batman. 2007). We need to start considering the piece of ham on our breakfast plates, and where it came from before it lands on our grocery store shelves (Brooks).Knowing that eating meat is hazardous, makes me not regret my choice of becoming a vegetarian. This knowledge is not something that should be kept to myself. I feel safe, and feel as if it is my moral obligation to inform meat eaters of the deadly consequences that they redundantly face, like Mark Batman does. I would gladly recommend meat eaters, especially those who do it excessively and thoughtles sly, to watch the Ted Talk, Mark Batman: What's wrong with what we eat. His talk is based off of research that has been done by credible sources such as Batman himself, and I am in agreement with his valid claim.

Against Bullfighting

October 24, 2011 Jose Pliego San Martin In 2010 15,000 bulls were killed only in Spain, you know why? Because of bullfighting. Bullfighting is a so called â€Å"tradition† in Spain, Portugal and some Latin American countries like Mexico and Venezuela. Reality is bullfighting is only a constant torture to a poor bull unable to defend itself. So that you can understand me better I am going to tell you about the Spanish-style bullfighting: A man, dressed like a clown, tortures and torments a bull with a red cape. Then the picadors keep on abusing him, provoking painful wounds that cut into his neck muscles with a pica.After that the banderilleros, blood-thirsty, with an item called banderilla weaken the bull even more. Severely injured, the bull charges with rage against the steel that destroys his organs. The matador is supposed to break the artery next to the heart, but that never happens. Instead he drills his lungs and the bull often vomits blood. Agonizing in a blood bath, t he puntillero puts an end to his life. Even then, he is not allowed a little dignity to leave this world in peace, his ears and tail are cut off (often when he is fully conscious), and his broken, bleeding body is dragged around the ring by mules.Not content with his suffering, which must be too horrible to describe with words, the crowds boo and mock at him. They even throw empty beer cans to the arena. His body is then taken away to be skinned, and even then he may not be dead when this happens. That’s what the crowd watches in the ring, but what is also really concerning is the previous preparation they give the bull. The bull is not an aggressive animal, and the reason he is angry and attempts to charge at the matador whilst in the bullring is mainly because he has been horrendously abused for the previous two days. In fact, what spectators see is not a normal, healthy bull.The bull has wet newspapers stuffed into his ears; Vaseline is rubbed into his eyes to blur his vis ion; cotton is stuffed up his nostrils to cut off his respiration and a needle is stuck into his genitals. Also, a strong caustic solution is rubbed onto his legs, which throws him off balance. He is kept in a dark box for a couple of days before he faces the ring: the purpose of this is to confuse him. When he is let out of the box, he runs desperately towards the light at the end of the tunnel. He thinks that at last his suffering is over and he is being set free — instead, he runs into the bullring to face his killers and a booing crowd.And it happens to more than 20,000 bulls a year!!!!! Calling â€Å"culture† the organized sadism, violence, pain or death is an insult to one’s intelligence and to the development of our evolution. Your indifference makes them powerful! You MUST manifest your disgust against that criminal party! Don’t collaborate with that insane game! BULLFIGHTERS MUST BE SENT TO JAIL! In recent years, there has been a sustained press interest in the atrocities involved in bullfighting and fiestas involving animal abuse. This media focus has caused worldwide concern.This has deeply embarrassed the Spanish Government who is under extreme pressure to change their laws. Also, it has made people in general more aware of the cruelties involved in bullfighting and the fiestas, and therefore less likely to visit bullrings. On September the 25th the last corrida in the Spanish region of Catalonia took place. This because the parliament of Catalonia voted to ban bullfighting, making it the first region of mainland Spain to do so. The vote took place as the result of a petition brought to parliament, signed by 180,000 people who say the practice is barbaric and outdated.The ban takes effect in January 2012. It is only a matter of time before this abomination has ended, and bulls are allowed to live their lives in peace all around the world. We should all follow the example of the Catalonians and prohibit bullfighting. Now a days there are a lot of efforts to put it down. We only need to raise our voices and express our feelings against those assassins†¦ THINK: ARE YOU WITH IT OR ARE YOU AGAINST IT? It is cruelty, not culture. It is criminal, not fun. So†¦ VOTE AGAINST BULLFIGHTING!!

Parthenon as a Paradigm for Current Practice In Australia Thesis

Parthenon as a Paradigm for Current Practice In Australia - Thesis Example This essay stresses that the ancient Greeks used to regard the Athenians highly. The culture was accommodating for the Metz, and other foreigners. They were not allowed to vote, or to take an active part in the religious festivals of the Athenians. The Greeks made a distinction between the people who did not belong from Athens and those who were born and bred in Athens. The foreigners were not granted equal rights as that of their Athenian counterparts and were also tortured to bear witness in the judiciary. This paper makes a conclusion that the Parthenon is an epitome of what the Greek considered to be the height of their spiritual and cultural values. It is has symbolizes the art and culture of the Greek. It has served as a civic center, museum and mosque for civilizations of the past and so is representative of the values of different cultures that have inhabited it. It connects people of various cultures from all over the world. The Parthenon is a symbol of unity and harmony. It reflects the ideologies and ideals of the Greek way of life. The ideals were centered on the Greek’s reverence for the Gods and so represent the purity of their feelings for them. The Parthenon serves as a model in the search for pure forms and archaic simplicity and is feeds on the spiritual desires of people who believe in the Divine. For Australians, this message is of great importance. They should know that they are connected with people from all over the world, no matter what their cast, color an d creed is, and should reflect the ideals of humanity in their conduct.

The harm of the banking concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The harm of the banking concept - Essay Example till exams, after which a student forgets what he had studied. ii) The confidence level in students deteriorates due to lack of exposure and the tension and nervousness of remembering all the stuff written in textbooks during exams. iii) Intense pressure of memorizing and learning the textbooks without understanding it properly may divert the interest of students away from studies. Among all the bad results, these three are the worst because the students are said to be educated when they understand what is being taught instead of merely memorizing their syllabus. But, education has now become a concept of â€Å"remembering† more than â€Å"understanding†, educators have lost the meaning for teaching students. Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator who has left a significant mark on thinking about progressive practice wrote in â€Å"The ‘Banking Concept’ of Education† his idea of two different education methods which are the â€Å"banking† concept and the â€Å"problem posing† concept. In banking education, teachers usually assume that the students know nothing at all and then take full advantage of this assumption. They just simply feed the students with information and students are forced to swallow it all up. On the other hand, problem posing education encourages the students to develop the habit of gaining knowledge by doing practical experiments and research works rather than just noting down the lecture of the teacher without pondering on the topic. This process involves an interaction between the teacher and the students, which eventually leads to a stronger teacher-student relationship. This helps a student to be more frank with a teacher to clarify all the confusions that usually evolve in a student’s brain. It also helps a student to develop keen interest in any topic that is being taught. Freire thinks problem posing is better than the banking concept, and I am also in favor of problem posing method. Problem posing enables the students to talk, think and hold discussions among each other within the class as well as even after the class timings, which no doubt can be listed among the healthy activities. On the contrary, banking concept develops the habit of â€Å"instant memorizing† just before the exams. The knowledge students gained through the method of banking concept is usually temporary in their memory and does not benefit the student in the future. This is because the teachers don’t care whether the students really understand the text or not, even if they care, they pay no attention to communicate with the students to make themselves clear. Students force themselves to accept the information and memorize it only for the sake of getting good grades instead of having a passion to learn. The students can easily forget all the memorized information

How does increased wait time affect the quantity of correct responses Essay

How does increased wait time affect the quantity of correct responses to question from elementary ELL students - Essay Example Despite the comprehensive understanding of the role of thinking in reading process, there exists very few researches that seek to clarify the time required by a student in answering classroom’ questions(Brenda, 1999). However, the existing researches have classified the time required before responding to a question into eight categories, post-teacher question time, within-student’s response pause-time, post-student response wait-time, student pause-time, teacher pause-time, within-teacher presentation pause-time, student task-completion work-time as well as impact pause-time (Stahl, 1994). Several researches has as well confirmed that, adequate wait-time give students enough time to process the received information, use the available techniques and strategies to come up with an accurate answer and to encode the received information (Stahl, 1994). Adequate wait-time also advances cognitive learning skills compared to short wait-time. In addition, researches have as well found out that, student who pursue second language requires adequate amount of time in order to translate the new information into their native language (Stahl, 1994). Second language students have limited meta-cognitive processes of understanding new information compared to native speakers. To understand teachers or instructors instruction, second language students ought to be given adequate time to understand and respond to classrooms questions (Rowe, 1986). Information processing models of learning have as well indicated that, providing adequate time for learners to understand and formulate teachers’ questions prior to giving response increase the quality of the answer. This is especially the cases on questions that require a lot of facts and accuracy (Donna and John, 2006). In reference to the model, in answering a question, a learner requires sufficient time to locate the relevant information in long-term memory, retrieve the information into work memory and to evaluate whether the retrieved information can adequately answer the posed question (Rowe, 1986). In answering questions that requires applications of external information, a learner is supposed to apply the retrieved facts into the current situation and identify the accuracy of the facts before responding to the question (Orpha, 1994). If the questions require additional information, the learner is therefore expected to have more time to retrieved additional information from long-term memory and apply the retrieved information to the new situation (Alejandro and Celeste, 2003). As a result, offering additional information to a student before responding to the posed question gives a learner adequate time to search for the needed information, retrieve the information, apply the retrieved information, evaluate the information as if need be to seek for additional information (Alejandro and Celeste, 2003). In addition, the provision of adequate time to master a question helps a student to have b etter mastery of the content. Moreover, completing the process of retrieving information assists a student to identify accurate information to the posed question. Adequate time to recover the store information also plays an incredibly crucial role in improving

Solution Description Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Solution Description - Research Paper Example Primary interventions address coronary artery disease risk factors whilst secondary intervention addresses the health adverse outcomes. Patient’s safety can only be improved through medical adherence. This depends on the patient self-management such as lifestyle modification. All these need support from the health care system. Proposed solution From the survey conducted, it is evident that among the young males newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease, 70% of them have diabetes mellitus and hypertension in their medical history. In addition to that, 60% of these people smoke. However, they regularly carry out some physical exercise and do not have any idea of what coronary artery disease means to their health. This, therefore, means that they do not understand what is expected of them in order to contain the disease with reference to dietary. Given the fact that this population has no idea on diet, they have to be taught on what is expected of them. According to Hermida (2 011), changes in dietary can help in reducing the young men’s systolic blood pressure due to diabetes mellitus and hypertension in their medical history. The dietary factors that need to be considered by this group are reduced amount of salt intake and saturated fat contents. Adherence to these controls helps in managing hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Besides dietary changes, these individuals need to be encouraged not to smoke and also shun environmental smoke (Mosca et al., 2007). Compliance with lifestyle modification improves the patient’s quality of life via eliminating premature deaths and preventing further complications. To the patients’ immediate family, compliance relieves them of the negative psychological effects of losing their loved ones. Additionally, adherence conserves the resources of the family that would have been channeled in the obtaining of health care. Organizational culture: This section aims to illustrate how lifestyle modification , as the proposed solution, is consistent with the organization of resources and culture of the society. To the society at large, patient compliance with treatment is an effective measure of saving costs. This is because it decreases complications of incidents and the need for further medications. This is of great significance to the health care public financed systems. Compliance has a great impact on the health care system. For instance, it limits hospitalization needs and reduces workloads on the healthcare system staff. In addition, satisfactory outcomes of treatment boost the attending clinician’s morale whilst failure in treatment frustrates them and impacts their work delivery. Expected Outcome of the Project The expected outcome of the project is to improve the adherence of the patients to enhance their safety. The main reason is that chronic conditions such as the coronary artery disease need a lot of care. In addition, most of this care focuses on the patient self-m anagement. As a result, it requires complex multi-therapies and medical technology use for monitoring patient lifestyle change. Therefore, if these patients are not supported adequately by the health care system, they may be prone to risks that are life-threatening. The outcome will be achieved by educating the patients on lifestyle modifications such as the amount of salt intake, significance of physical activity, avoiding smoking, reducing the

Alternative Energy Sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alternative Energy Sources - Essay Example Additionally, consumption of oil as a source of energy is non-renewable, and results in environmental pollution. As such, leading economies in the world have been seeking to adopt alternative sources of energy and measures to conserve energy, though with minimal success (World Bank, 2010:190). This paper discusses three key barriers that impede the adoption of alternative energy sources and energy conservation. Three key barriers deter the adoption of alternative or renewable sources of energy: cost and pricing, market performance, and legal and regulatory (Martinot and Beck, 2004:13). Majority of these barriers are a form of market distortion that work to discriminate against alternative energy sources, while others result to high costs of developing and adopting alternative sources of energy. These barriers are situation-specific in any country or region. The first and most significant barrier category is pricing and cost. Alternative and renewable sources of energy cost more than the traditional oil, leading to policies and decisions that avoid alternative energy sources based on cost. The price comparison depends on an array of factors. For instance, there may be public subsidies that lower the costs of competing sources of energy. ... Therefore, the difference in subsidy provision may result to competitive disadvantage of an alternative energy source. Despite the fact that renewable energy sources may have significant cost-competitive advantages on the life-cycle basis, the high initial costs often mean that they provide lower installed capacity per initial dollar investment than conventional sources of energy. Thus, capital markets may require lending rates premium in order to provide finances for these alternative energy sources. Moreover, the alternative energy source faces high import duties and taxes. Consequently, this may result to high first-costs compared to other sources (Dell and Rand, 2004:240). Another significant factor is transaction costs. Alternative energy source projects are relatively smaller than those of conventional sources are, primarily because of their unfamiliarity or uncertainty in performance. Consequently, transaction costs for alternative energy sources, including assessment, permitt ing, power-purchase contract negotiations, and financing packages assembly, result to enormous per-kilowatt capacity basis than conventional energy sources. Higher transactional costs are not an economic distortion barrier, but rather another way of making alternative energy sources extremely expensive. The last notable sub-category is environmental externalities. The conventional energy sources have real costs on the society, including infrastructure decay, human health and, probably, climate change costs (Edenhofer, Madruga, ans Sokona, 2011:884). However, environmental externalities dollar costs are hard to evaluate, thus, subject to discretion and interpretation. Though economic comparisons

Strategic management - C4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic management - C4 - Essay Example functional disciplines (manufacturing, finance, marketing, human resources, R&D, etc) near the end of their academic program, but hardly thought of strategic management as a separate discipline or as a branch of business policy. With the publication of some books on corporate strategy, particularly that of Prof. Igor Ansoff, better awareness of the corporate environment developed as having sometimes critical impact on the organization and the results that it sought to achieve in a sometimes chaotic and turbulent environment. That the firm had to look towards expansion and diversification and that it could achieve synergy (â€Å"the whole is more than the sum of the the parts†) in some strategic decisions became quite obtrusive in the consciousness of many executives, particularly members of top management and corporate boards. Academicians and business writers began to talk about the environment and its impact on businesses in search of growth and expansion: the societal environment, the task environment, and the internal environment. (Buchholz, 1992). The societal environment consisted of the economic forces, the socio-cultural forces, the legal/political forces, and the technological forces, and some writers added the demographic forces and global forces. In addition, closer to the organization, there was the task environment, which comprised: the stockholders, customers, suppliers, workers/labor unions, governments and government regulatory agencies, creditors, competitors, trade associations, and the communities in which they operate. The balancing of the interests of the various stakeholders was important for the success of the organization. Finally, the internal environment, the organization itself with its structure, values, culture and resources, and the need to assess the organizational strengths and weaknesses vis-a-vis the challenges posed by the broad societal environment. An organization in search of opportunities needed to perform environmental

Environmental Science in DomesHc Dwellings Report Coursework

Environmental Science in DomesHc Dwellings Report - Coursework Example The information includes the possible options of accessing the house from various directions and the options of transport. The space in the house and the number of rooms will be a critical factor in determining the occupancy of the house in terms of the number of occupants. This is essential because in addition to the wall dimensions of the walls and the space in the house provides direct how the occupants will use every space as well as their reactions to the issues arising in the usage of the space. Apart from the basic information about the house, it will be necessary to examine the suitability of the wall, the floor and the roof structures. From these we obtain the u-value of the house and the suitability of the construction materials used for the house. In the same part 1, there will be an analysis involving the calculation of the upper limit and the lower limit from which it will be possible to do calculations of the coefficient of heat loss. From the wall construction and open air ventilation, the project will calculate the heat loss through ventilation. 2. House Description The project involves Linley and Simpson house located along the 12 Station Road in Horsforth in West Yorkshire, UK. Aerial View from Google map Latitude: 52.70 Longitude: 1.217 Wind angle to facade (Summer Season): 100 Wind angle to facade (Winter Season): 150 Front View Back View 3. Required Adjustment The second step of this project involves the study of the meteorological data in relation to the house structure in order to make adjustments out of the reaction of the occupants. The adjustment will depend on the necessary resistance required for the management of wind velocity. Adjustment in this case includes the wall dimensions, space between walls and the orientation of the house in relation to the direction of wind. From the adjustments and the calculation of heat loss coefficient for the house ventilation, the project will require maintaining proper quality of air good air qual ity by making changes. Other than energy losses, we will look at the sources of heat gain. Externally solar gain and internally from the daily electrics and metabolic we usually use. As we group out the values from heat loss and gain, we can estimate the extra energy needed to heat the house to the optimum internal temperature. Furthermore, to calculate energy use we need to identify our balance point- the external temperature above which a building needs no further heating to achieve a constant internal comfort temperature. By then we can calculate degree-days and hence estimate the amount of time needed to heat our houses over a period of time. After that, we calculate the carbon emissions of the building and move on to the part 2 of our project. In part 2, I will work out two methods to improve the energy loss and gain from the building. By using different material in order to reduce carbon emission and increase energy gain and maintain a good living standard for occupants 4. Ana lysis of the House Structure Linley and Simpson House is a simple brick house with between 25% - 30% glazing. Due to its location, it receives sufficient sunlight from 9 am in the morning to 4pm in the evening. Both the front view of the building and the back has an opening. The privacy of the building is ensured using curtains, and this is a limiting factor to the exposure of the house interior to

Solving the Medicare Crisis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Solving the Medicare Crisis - Case Study Example It is worth mentioning that the largest portion of the American economy dumps into health care programs for the citizens of the country. Medicare comprises the largest portion of the health care budget of the US. Due to the sensitivity of issues surrounding US Medicare program, this paper will identify the contemporary challenges, discuss the challenges, other specific issues surrounding the crisis within the Medicare of US. Solving the Medicare Crisis With the growing population of aged people in America, Medicare is gaining much popularity due its structure of saving and providing health care to the old age members of the society. The importance bestowed on Medicare cannot be overlooked at the expense of any other crisis that could be facing the scheme. Worthy to note is that Medicare started experiencing circumstantial crisis in the year 2007 at the verge of global financial crisis. Being among the influential sectors of the economy, US government increased its budget margins exte nded to the health care and Medicare in particular. However, the problems and crisis facing Medicare in US are persistent and unresponsive to the government huge budget allocation to support the program and improve general quality of health care in the US. Currently the government has set a Congress panel to analyze the contemporary crisis and make viable decisions. Why Medicare is in a Crisis and Why Radical Reforms are Necessary The American Medicare is in dire situation of liquidation and termination as the number of consumers faces an upward tilt resulted by the predictable growing number of aged people. Eure (2005) reports that crisis facing health care could increase and become worse than in the future years. In order to preserve and ensure sustainability of the program, certain radical measures are essential and of great need in such a situation. How is Medicare funded now? Why do the elderly feel that Medicare is an insurance program, not a welfare program? Is this perceptio n accurate? According to Robinson (2011), Medicare program gets fund in different ways depending on the divisions. Robinson (2011) mentions that Part A of Medicare program that covers in-patient hospital bills is catered for by Hospital insurance Fund (HI Fund). Part A division of Medicare gets finance from the 1.45% government’s deductions made on the pay slips of workers and employers in general. Part B of the Medicare run by Supplemental Medical Insurance (SMI Fund) covers the appointments of doctors. SMI Funds obtains finances from the premiums and the general national budget. Robinson (2011) exemplifies that premiums and taxes channeled into the SMI Funds undergoes yearly adjustments and therefore can never be overdrawn. Robinson (2011) reveals that the Congressional Budget Office through the reflection of the HI Funds usually determines the stability of Medicare. According to Robinson (2011), in spite of the great contribution of taxes and premiums to the Medicare, the vast cost of Medicare gets financial support from the government. The funding of Medicare program is usually sourced from the taxation of individual employees working in the US economy (Emmanuel, 2011). In addition, individual employees organize for payment of monthly premium that is deducted from the salary of the stakeholders. Eure (2005) unveils that in 2004, individual participants in the Medicare program paid a total of $66. 60 per month.

HIV AIDS In The South Essay Example for Free

HIV AIDS In The South Essay Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a killer disease caused by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) which affects one’s immune system making them susceptible to opportunistic diseases that they succumb to. A person is said to be suffering from AIDS when the HIV has compromised their immune system triggering chronic fevers, constant diarrhea, significant unexplained weight losses, night sweats as well as swollen glands and thrush. (Weiss G and Lonnquist L, 2008). HIV is thought to have started spreading as early as the late 70’s though official statistics have it that it was first recognized in 1981 in the US. The origin of the virus remain unclear with some arguing that it originated from the outer space, was artificially created, escaped from a laboratory or it is a natural virus that initially affected apelike creatures before it found its way to humans. (Johnson P, 2007). HIV spread widely to other regions and today it is deemed as a world pandemic with over 40 million people infected globally. Sadly, about 4 to 5 million people are infected with the virus annually while over 25 million people have so far succumbed to it. To date there is no known cure for HIV AIDS though scientific development have led to the usage of antiretroviral which work to prolong the life span of those infected. A unique factor about HIV is the fact that one can stay for as long as a decade without exhibiting any symptom that they are sick, a period in which they can infect others. As a matter of fact some research findings have it that the spread of HIV is more intense in the latent period. (Irwin A, Millen J and Fallows D, 2003). It is difficult to give the exact figures of those infected as many people have not been tested but one approach used by epidemiologists is estimation. Specific groups such as pregnant women, prisoners, people joining the military service and patients in the varied states are tested and CDC uses these estimates to approximate the number of people infected with the virus while putting into account people’s behavioral changes. (Weiss G and Lonnquist L, 2008). Although no biological links have been found to explain why some races are more susceptible to acquiring the virus in the US, blacks and the Hispanics are more affected than the whites. Gay people or homosexuals as well as those abusing drugs through injection are also at a higher risk of acquiring the virus. A research established that roughly, half the infected persons were gay men while over 20% were drug abusers who used infected needles. People engaging in unsafe sexual intercourse with many partners are also at a higher risk of contracting the virus. (Weiss G and Lonnquist L, 2008). A unique factor about HIV AIDS is the fact that unlike other fatal diseases which are airborne and hence contagious it cannot be transmitted through a handshake or sneezing. Again, though some traces of the virus can be found on saliva, tears and sweat it cannot be transferred through these modes. It can also not be passed on through insect bites as the virus only survives in humans. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). HIV is passed on through contact with contaminated body fluids through anal, oral or coital sex, interjectory drug abuse, mother to child during birth as well as through breastfeeding. Precautionary measures during and after birth have been adopted to prevent the mother to child transmission and much progress have been made. This makes the containment of the HIV manageable as people’s behaviors play a vital role in curbing its spread. Weiss G and Lonnquist L, 2008). Susan, Kristin and Kathryn in ‘HIV infection and Aids in the Deep south’ noted that there are many discrepancies in the manner at which HIV AIDS trends are registered in the US. The southern region of the US which comprises of 16 states namely; Virginia, North and South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Washington, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana and Oklahoma registers higher rates when compared to other states. (Reif S, Geonnotti, Whetten K. 2006). Variances are also evident among the varying states with some recording higher rates than others. Some states record similar trends in as far as HIV and AIDS infections are concerned for instance; North and South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi and Louisiana register similar trends. The term ‘Deep South’ was coined to describe those states that had a history in agriculture especially in cotton as well as slave trade. These states have disproportionately been affected by the HIVAIDS pandemic in the USA. 2000-2003 statistics have it that in this region HIVAIDS infection raised by up to 35. % while the rate in other states in the south were as low as 4% and the national rate with an exception of the southern states stood at 5. 2%. (Reif S, Geonnotti S, Whetten K, 2006). The prevailing conditions in the South can be blamed on various factors such as poor health conditions as can be bore witness by the poor health indicators in the region. Three states in this region recorded the highest death rates, highest rates for diabetes, stroke, sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea and Chlamydia as well as infant mortality rates. The Deep South region which has the highest prevalence rate for HIV infections is largely predominated by African Americans. (Reif S, Geonnotti S, Whetten K. 2006). Other characteristics of the Deep South region include high rates of illiteracy as many do not graduate from colleges. Most people in the Deep South region also have no health insurance which can be explained by the higher rates of poor health indicators. The levels of poverty and unemployment are higher in the Deep South region when compared with the other regions in the US. Higher rates of unemployment mean that the rates of poverty are higher and this is true both at an individual as well as at the family level. Higher rates of HIV infections in the Deep South region were recorded among women as well as African Americans. (Reif S, Geonnotti S, Whetten K. 2006). The higher rates of sexual transmitted diseases in the Deep South are thought to have a relationship or link with the high rates of HIV infections in the region. This is attributed to the fact that medical experts argue that sexually transmitted diseases have a role to play in as far as the facilitating of the virus spread is concerned. Lack of accessibility to quality health care services among these people is also thought to play a significant role in spreading the virus. (Ellerbrock V et al, 2004). Sociological theories argue that man is a social being and does not exist in a vacuum. One’s surrounding predisposes a person to behaving in a certain manner. Values, norms and expectations of the society are passed on from one generation to the next through the various socializing agents such as schools, families, peers and mass media as well as through religion. (Andersen M and Taylor H, 2001). People’s surroundings also play a vital role in determining their behaviors. In poverty stricken areas the effectiveness of schools in passing on values will be compromised triggering bad behavior such as drug abuse and carefree lifestyles. Poverty also leads to ‘innovation’ where people adopt illegal means to attaining the societal values. Prostitution for instance is a clear illustration of a failing society which states is material success objective commonly know as the ‘American Dream’ but fails to offer clear cut means to attaining it especially to the disadvantaged groups. Andersen M and Taylor H, 2001). Poverty triggers higher rates of HIV infection as it denies the poor a chance to access vital health information that would ensure that certain diseases were prevented. Public health education is in most cases done in the health care facilitates and those who cannot access them are cut off. Some may also not understand the mode of communication used due to illiteracy triggered by poverty. Poverty is also associated with desperation and hopelessness which sees people engage in drug and other substance abuse which predisposes them to contracting the virus. People who abuse drugs risk contracting HIV especially when contaminated needles are used. Another risk that makes drugs increase the tendency of one contracting the virus is the fact that they compromise one’s reasoning ability and consequently may see them engage in risky behaviors such as unsafe sexual intercourse with many partners whose status is unknown. (Ellerbrock V et al, 2004). In terms of racial background one can argue that the region is disadvantaged in the sense that it is comprised of more African Americans, a race known for lack of health insurance as well as higher poverty rates. Many African Americans are poor and this places them at a higher risk in as far as contracting HIV is concerned. Discrimination especially in incarceration of African Americans in the Deep South precipitates concurrent sexual practices which in turn paves way for HIV AIDS. (Adimora A and Schoenbach J, 2002). Young African American women as well as others from the disadvantaged communities are at a higher risk of contracting the virus. Poverty could drive them into prostitution where they may not have the chance to negotiate for safer sex. In most cases women have been identified as the weaker sex and consequently they have no say in the male dominated society. Biologically women are at a higher chance of contracting HIV than men as the vagina is more receptive to substances than the male penis. Poverty leads to lack of proper education which is essential if educational programs on health are to be successful Illiterate people also tend to be ignorant and this predisposes them to HIV. Provision of preventive programs is impossible in the poverty stricken regions thus precipitating the high rates of HIV AIDS in the Deep South region. People from the Deep South who have been infected with the virus will develop AIDS quickly due to the inaccessibility of health care services. (Ellerbrock V et al, 2004). HIV AIDS prevalence also varies with geographical regions in terms rural versus urban regions with the former recording higher rates than the later. People in the rural areas encounter more difficulties when trying to access quality health care services as opposed to those in the urban areas. This hinders them accessibility to preventive programs such as the educative or informative programs that would have seen them reduce their chances or acquiring the HIV virus. The rural areas record lower chances of attaining or rather accessing health care professionals and they also have problems accessing treatment making their conditions worse. People in the rural areas are consequently forced to travel to the urban areas to seek medical services and some are too poor that the transportation costs are a burden to them. (Adimora A et al, 2004). The Deep South region is also known to have higher rates of stigmatization with the HIV AIDS, a factor that sees the rates of HIV escalate. The belief that people belong to a specified social status which cannot be changed also plays a role in cementing the spread of HIV, given the fact that poverty has a strong association with HIV prevalence rates. Some people in the Deep South have a strong distrust with their health care systems a factor that also contributes to higher prevalence rates of HIV AIDS as they will not respect the advices offered by their health care providers. Reif S, Geonnotti S, Whetten K, 2006). HIV AIDS in the South has remained higher than in the other states in the US due to many factors. Since the disease is not airborne but is spread through various intimate body contacts, mother to child or through the use of contaminated needles it can be effectively managed if people adopted positive behaviors. Reducing the number of sex partners that one has, war on drugs , and proper accessibility to health care facilities would be of significance in as far as the fight against HIV AIDS is concerned.

Academic Record Essay Example for Free

Academic Record Essay Sometimes, due to certain situations beyond our control and because of unavoidable and unforeseen circumstances, the academic track record may not be up to the mark. I strongly feel that the one bad academic year wherein I was forced to stay out of school for a period of more than six months is not reason enough to hinder my studies going forwards. This should not be the sole deciding factor to define my further academic growth and progress. I had urgent family matters and health problems to take care of during that timeframe. If the situation demanded that I fulfill my responsibilities, other than the one I have being a student, there was absolutely no choice I was left with. It was expected of me to rise to the occasion and be there for my family when they really needed me the most. Now that this phase of duty and responsibility has passed, I look forward to concentrating only on my studies that will help me develop and learn the necessary skills to get a good job and mold my personality, so I can emerge successful and also enjoy my student life to the fullest and take with me all that I possible can from each and every phase of it. See more: Social process essay If you look closely, you will notice that I’ve been a very good student and I have an unblemished track record till the time when I had to take a break from school. The grades I received a few terms before the gap are not indicative of my performance or progress made during that span of time. The score card neither indicates the level of difficulty of the subject nor does it truly reflect the amount of effort a student puts into their projects and dissertations. I would request you to think about my case, understand my circumstances and then evaluate my application accordingly.

The Ethnic Joke At Its Best Media Essay

The Ethnic Joke At Its Best Media Essay Ethnic jokes arent funny anymore. In fact, nearly one million adults in the tri-county area stated they personally experienced ethnic jokes, racial slurs, or verbal abuse. Thats not funny. Lets get serious. We can change that statistic. With a little more caring, understanding and compassion, we can all laugh with each other not at each other.' (Schutz, 1989). Ethnic and Racial Jokes has been the subject of a very controversial debate for quite a long time. As time progressed, peoples theories and attitudes towards ethnic jokes have evolved. The value of humor in the joke is more evident and the importance of this humor can be appreciated. Ethnic jokes, made in the right context, are acceptable in society pertaining to the particular place, time and surroundings of the person telling the joke. As human beings, we understand the gravity of the word respect; we have to respect every other living thing on this planet and no person or law or anything for that matter can change that fact. The idea behind the joke is not to offend people, cause disrespect and purposefully induce harm but to lighten up a dark ambience in a room its only a joke. I feel the need to emphasize the point that every ethnic joke should start with a look over your shoulder. (Wikipedia) Ethnic jokes make use of stereotypes, which is one of the gravest aspects that deter people from using them. Those not in favor claim that using stereotypes in the jokes can endorse a society in which negative ethnic stereotypes become socially acceptable making almost everyone racist. (Billig, 2001). Each person in society is afraid, even ashamed of being branded as a racist, which is one of the reasons why people have a very negative and wary attitude towards these jokes. People want to be able to laugh at race-based jokes without having to feel the guilt that plagues their conscience every time a giggle escapes their lips. This is still possible, if people try to become more mature and tolerant in accepting ethnic jokes and look at it in a more positive light somewhat like constructive criticism then everyone can have a guilt-free laugh at ethnic jokes. It is often said that Laughter is the best medicine; in the case of ethnic humor, this is true. Laughter reduces the tension du ring conversations and this can never be a bad thing. Laughter can bridge the gap between people from different ethnicities allowing them to understand the flaws of each others background as well as their own and interpreting these in a humorous manner will bring people closer together as friends. In his book, Peter Woods (1983) contends that Humour is power. It provides the strength that enables the individual to adapt to situations and, on occasion change them. (p. 112). Marty Beckerman, an author, journalist and humorist also sees the benefit; these jokes he admits are making people feel more comfortable with one another so they can get  past  their prejudices (Beckerman, 2008). A few studies have observed the relation of ethnic humor towards society. One such study is called The Joke Project a sociology professor in Rice University, Texas conducted a survey among his students on this subject. In The Joke Project, each student was told to ask a student from his/her own ethni city to tell them a joke. 90% responded with jokes out of which 42% of the responses had been racial or ethnic jokes. The remaining 48% who hadnt used ethnic jokes were asked whether they had recently heard a racial joke. 73% of these responded with racial jokes. (Davidson, 1987). The above evidence illustrates that ethnic jokes are used often in diverse multi-cultural places, especially in places like universities, since it helps bring people closer together; it helps when one has to make friends in a new place. Obviously, one does want to insult anyone when trying to make friends, on the contrary one tries to show that his understanding of another persons culture is deeper than the jokes with racial stereotypes make it out to believe. The opponents to this argument believe that racial and ethnic jokes are the cause for racial discrimination because ethnic jokes, in all their humor, present a severe reminder of past follies and struggles that people from various places in the world have faced over the years; in the words of Marty Beckerman (2008) poured salt into centuries-old wounds with cheap punch lines. The opposition suggests that these reminders are like adding cement to a wall that already divides us into different racial entities. On the other hand, the memories can help people. Memories can teach us what we need to know through our experiences. Remembering past struggles are not linked solely with recounting ethnic jokes, every history book has a story of past wars and conflicts, so then begs the question- why not stop reading history books? Answer, simply because it is illogical to do so. Professor Christie Davies (2000) says To become angry about such jokes and to seek to censor them because they impinge on sensitive issues is about as sensible as smashing a thermometer because it reveals how hot it is. (p. 116). In other words, just because something is out of favor with the general population, does not mean that one has to bar them entirely. Avoiding the past will not provide solutions to breaking down the metaphorical wall; with care and compassion and humor when we share the effects of past disputes using jokes, humorous stories and tales we can weaken that wall and join together to overcome issues of earlier times letting bygones be bygones. Racial jokes are insulting and demeaning claim the opposition for they employ the use of seemingly derogatory terms. In this case it is necessary to distinguish between racist jokes and jokes with race-based humor. There is a line between the two, albeit the line gets obscured and is hard to distinguish every now and then at these times extra caution is advised. The difference lies in the fact that jokes need not necessarily involve the defamation of a group; and merely because the joke contains references to a different ethnicity does not make it racist. There are several comedians such as Russell Peters, Maz Jobrani, Chris Rock and many others who have made successful careers making use of ethnic jokes. Their own success and the kaleidoscopic variety of people that turn up for their shows is proof of the effectiveness of these jokes. The entire people laugh together with each other at jokes about different ethnicities, there is no indication of any one race being singled out as su perior or inferior. This demonstrates that people are closer together at these shows and that for a joke to be an ethnic joke; it does not have to utilize offensive terms. Racism is a terrible thing but is forbidding the use of ethnic jokes really a way to put an end to it? There are good things as well as bad about ethnic humor. Ethnic jokes never did anyone harm on their own they are just jokes. We cannot blame the jokes but we can assume that the people who feel strongly disapproving about them as well as those who use them with complete disregard for others are the ones who need to change their perception. The solution depends entirely on perspective; the choice to be tolerant and to see the positive things can make all the difference. Imagine a world where people were not easily upset by ethnic jokes, a lot more smiles and laughter with less bickering and strife.

Antigone Vs. Socrates Essay -- essays research papers

Antigone vs. Socrates In the plays Antigone and the Crito the two lead characters, Antigone and Socrates, showed completely different ideas regarding their responsibilities to the State. Antigone believes in divine law and does what she thinks that the Gods would want her to do. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that he owes it to the State to follow their laws whether he thinks they are right or not. In Antigone, her brother Polynices, turned against his own city by attacking his own brother just so he could become king. On this day, both brothers died. One, Eteocles, was given funeral honors, but the other, Polynices, was not. This decision was made by Creon, Antigone’s uncle and the current King of Thebes. Creon said “He is to have no grave, no burial, no mourning from anyone; it is forbidden.'; (Pg. 432; l. 165) He also announced that anyone who should attempt to bury him would be put to death. After hearing this decision, Antigone said that Creon couldn’t do that and that the Gods would want Polynices to have a proper burial, therefore Antigone promised to her sister Ismene that she would be the one to defy Creon and bury her brother; and she didn’t care if the whole city knew of her plans. After being caught in the act, she was taken to the palace and when asked by Creon why she did it. Knowing the punishment that would come from it, she replied by sa ying that she didn’t think Creon had the power to overrule the u...

Censorship of David Wojnarowicz, Robert Mapplethorpe, and Francisco Goy

The Censorship of David Wojnarowicz, Robert Mapplethorpe, and Francisco Goya Censorship is usually considered â€Å"official† censorship because it is action taken by governmental institutions such as government committees, or universities, to limit the view of a specific artwork or a group of works by the public. However, these concrete official actions taken to limit public view of specific artwork are only the results of the abstract â€Å"censoring attitudes† of individuals or groups of individuals, encouraging the actions. Censoring attitudes can arise from feelings of race or gender discrimination, discrimination against the gay community, fear of taboos and controversially issues, and assumed moral or Christian authority. It is these attitudes that are the basis of censorship, not necessarily the artist’s intentions of their artwork, because each individual viewer of the artist’s specific piece will unconsciously project his/her own anxieties and fears into the artist’s artwork. What drives the individual to c ensor the artist’s work is the product of their attitudes being reflected in the subject matter of the artwork, and the result of censorship is keeping the artist’s work from being exposed or even from being created. A mutually supportive relationship between artists and society would be the ideal under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Our society would recognize and support an expanded role for artists. Free and diverse artistic expressions are vital for challenging people to rethink their assumptions and for educating people about past and present issues. We should oppose censorship in the arts, and encourage individual and social expression by artists. Only by supporting the voice... ... money, and of course the committee voted to pass the amendment. The result of the committee was the â€Å"Miller test† that labeled art as obscene when â€Å"the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value† (378). But according to whose values? If the jury’s values differ from that of the artist, who defiantly considers his work serious, the artist expression is limited. Another example was the criticism made by Dr. Judith Reisman who disagreed that Mapplethorpe’s photographs were art because they â€Å"failed to express human emotion† because of the sexual images(379). But this statement also requires the question, by whose values? Maybe they do not show human emotion to her because she believes only traditional â€Å"beautiful† things can invoke emotion, but they may invoke emotions in other viewers, which is the artist's purpose. Censorship of David Wojnarowicz, Robert Mapplethorpe, and Francisco Goy The Censorship of David Wojnarowicz, Robert Mapplethorpe, and Francisco Goya Censorship is usually considered â€Å"official† censorship because it is action taken by governmental institutions such as government committees, or universities, to limit the view of a specific artwork or a group of works by the public. However, these concrete official actions taken to limit public view of specific artwork are only the results of the abstract â€Å"censoring attitudes† of individuals or groups of individuals, encouraging the actions. Censoring attitudes can arise from feelings of race or gender discrimination, discrimination against the gay community, fear of taboos and controversially issues, and assumed moral or Christian authority. It is these attitudes that are the basis of censorship, not necessarily the artist’s intentions of their artwork, because each individual viewer of the artist’s specific piece will unconsciously project his/her own anxieties and fears into the artist’s artwork. What drives the individual to c ensor the artist’s work is the product of their attitudes being reflected in the subject matter of the artwork, and the result of censorship is keeping the artist’s work from being exposed or even from being created. A mutually supportive relationship between artists and society would be the ideal under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. Our society would recognize and support an expanded role for artists. Free and diverse artistic expressions are vital for challenging people to rethink their assumptions and for educating people about past and present issues. We should oppose censorship in the arts, and encourage individual and social expression by artists. Only by supporting the voice... ... money, and of course the committee voted to pass the amendment. The result of the committee was the â€Å"Miller test† that labeled art as obscene when â€Å"the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value† (378). But according to whose values? If the jury’s values differ from that of the artist, who defiantly considers his work serious, the artist expression is limited. Another example was the criticism made by Dr. Judith Reisman who disagreed that Mapplethorpe’s photographs were art because they â€Å"failed to express human emotion† because of the sexual images(379). But this statement also requires the question, by whose values? Maybe they do not show human emotion to her because she believes only traditional â€Å"beautiful† things can invoke emotion, but they may invoke emotions in other viewers, which is the artist's purpose.

Rebellion in The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood Essay -- Rebel The

Rebellion in The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood 'Rebel' is a term, which is highly weighed down with emotion. In society today we perceive a rebel to be a figure opposing a much stronger majority. We distinguish the rebel to be a character who fights for his/her own ideals. We see a person that will do anything almost being ruthless to destroy the boundaries set up against him/her by the stronger mass. We witness the rebel as an individual who deliberately defines a battlefield and two fighting fronts. The rebel is constantly is resisting. The only way he/she can defend his morals and values are to strike the greater that condemns his/her values and morals. Unfortunately today there are many misconceptions and preconceptions relating to the essence of a true rebel. Society tends to comprehend the rebel to be figure fighting on the front lines, spilling blood for his cause. Especially the media has delivered this image of a rebel. We must acknowledge the fact there are other forms of rebels and rebellions. It is not fair to say that the form of rebel that is described above is not valid, but still we must make a suitable distinction. We must not always consider the rebel to be an individual like 'William Wallace' who fought for his country's independence by using violence as his primary weapon. In the course of history we have witnessed another category of rebels. Characters such as Mahatma Ghandi, Dr. Martin Luther King and Emmeline Pankhurst all gave birth to another form of rebel, the rebel that fought for his values passively. They did not confront the enemy with the sword but with words. The novel 'The Handmaids Tale' by Margaret Atwood tells the story of a near future oppressive society govern... ...poke out against them in the loudest voice possible. Offred's cassettes did more than just speak her voice. I feel that the true reason why Offred did not assign her name is because she wanted to speak universally. Offred wanted to speak in the name of all handmaids. In studying Offred's rebellion we can see that she suffered an internal conflict. Offred's plight is always human as well as ideological. She wanted to rebel but at the same time she was scared of loosing herself in the process. Offred had to win the conflict within her before she could start the external battle. Offred won this conflict and decided that her humanity was the risk for a great cause, love. 'As long as women consent to be unjustly governed, they will be; but directly women say: "We withhold our consent," we will not be governed any longer as long as government is unjust.'

Hardware and Software requirements for the DTP facilities needed Essay

A client from the GNVQ Sports Catalogue Group has asked me to produce a document of at least 16 camera-ready copy pages. The GNVQ Sports Catalogue Group is a small sized company that are a mail order company. They sell sports goods like shirts, footwear, equipment for different sports, clothes etc. The last catalogue is out of date and they need a new catalogue to keep up to date. The catalogue has to advertise the company’s goods and sell them. The client will choose a catalogue to run with to sell the goods. The client wants the following things to be covered in and on the catalogue. The front and back cover has to look professional. An index can be set out in different ways maybe to look for an individual products or products underneath a category. An order from must be put in to the catalogue. In the order form details for the customer to fill in must include name, address, Product ID, Product Name, Quantity, Sub Total, Total. The client stated that 5 orders could only be made on one order form. On the order form also the details that must be include are the company address, phone and fax numbers, postage and package details must be included. The inside pages of the catalogue have to contain the following things. On the pages there must be the name of the product that is being sold on the page where it is noticeable. Also the picture of the product should be on the page. There should be a product description describing what type of product you are selling. This description must include the product ID, product name and price. Other additional things that can be included are like what sizes the product comes in. Hardware and Software requirements for the DTP facilities needed Here I will tell and describe what type of hardware that I need to produce the catalogue. The reason why I did my draft designs the way I did is because of the following reasons. I picked up three catalogues and I analysed them in the following way. The first catalogue I am going to analyse is the FCUK (French Connection United Kingdom). The theme of this catalogue is beach/casual wear. Front cover The front cover is ok. Parts of a word on the front cover have been split up. In between these large letters it has the company name in red, which is in the centre. Underneath the company name it says â€Å"buymail† (hence the fact I got this catalogue by post). It then has a female model at the bottom of the front cover. Along the bottom it has what season the catalogue is in. Underneath they have the contact phone number and the company email address if you want to email them about something. The phone number is in a red colour also. I think the company put their company name and number in red so it stands out and that the people know where to reach them. When you open up the catalogue it has the following logo. The logo is orange and yellow. This gives a feel of the summer, beaches and warmth. Underneath the logo is a brief statement. It entails certain things like they comment on the clothes that are further in the catalogue and other things. It then has the company’s email address. Page Layout Throughout the catalogue the page layout is very similar to one another inside. The page layout inside the catalogue is as follows. On the first page it has a picture of a woman. At the bottom left corner it is says â€Å"Ladieswear pages 3-28†. On the next page are the products being displayed. The products are sort of in a circle shape and in the middle is another product. Underneath it has the description of the product. The description underneath the products includes the product name, style number, colour and the sizes it is available in. The products on the page are displayed on a white background. They also have the description underneath the products. This makes the products stand out. The people modelling the clothes on some pages are on a creamy background. They do not have a contents page. But the front-pages before that particular section starts there is a picture of a person and the related product that is being sold on the pages ahead. It also says how many pages long the section is next to the picture. This may act as a contents page. The lack of good description about the product may be a good thing because potential customers may not want to read lots of detail; they may want to go straight to the product. They also do not have an index. I think this is going to make it a bit hard for the customers to find a specific product they want. I think this because when the person is filling out the order form they might forget a tiny detail about the product and they need to find it quick. They cannot do that in this catalogue therefore they would have to go through the catalogue to find the product they need. I think having an index in the catalogue is very important because it will make it easier for the person to look for a specific product. Back cover The back cover is as follows. It just has pictures from the beach. It also has the company in short (FCUK) in pink on the back cover. At the bottom of the page it has in the same style writing as the logos on the inside page it says â€Å"MEMORIES OF Fcukiki Beach†. This is also in orange and yellow to make it a summer, warmth and beach feel.

The World from Brown’s Lounge

With The initiation from Browns hang around An descriptive anthropology of Black Middle-Class Play Michael J. bell shape provides a narrative and interpretation of the consort deportment of midpoint variance fatals in spite of appearance the context of Browns waste ones time, a neighborhood kibosh in West Philadelphia. At the conviction he did his field search at Browns, ships bell was a white, male, doctorial vista at the Univer drivey of Pennsylvania. The obligate appears to be every his original dissertation or a whatsoeverwhat edited dissertation.The prose is accessible and non marked by the frequent conquer cla wonts and qualification of statements that mars a effectual deal of academician writing ( gong xi, 1-7). harmonise to tam-tam The World from Browns Lounge is a study in fatal American phratrylore ( bell shape ix). However he does non use the word folklore in the traditional sensation of myths, tales, and traditions usu exclusivelyy passed on or ally or through folk art, however or else as the artistic communication . . . apply by public people . . .that cerebrate us together in our day-after-day interactions ( cost ix). This folklore is studied in context, not besides as an academic exercise that baron be d wholeness by indicant a text accommodate around the folk tenets of a people without regard to their lives. price describes what he saw in Browns and claims that it is folklore hardly pointedly refuses engage in an air as to whether or not the clobber in the intelligence is in circumstance folklore. For the purposes of The World from Browns Lounge the memoriseer mustiness assume that the parole is folklore.Frankly, this distinction seems artificial the text can and should be judged on its methodology and analysis and not on attempts to fit the book to a especial(a) niche genre. bell claims that the black ticker form is (or at least was at the measure the book was written) largely treat in rese arch with the focus universe on the deportment and lifestyle of the poorer break. until now when the center of attention social discriminate has been addressed it has tended to interrogate somebodys who exemplified their race and not observe fragments of the black middle class acting with distributively some some other.In essence tam-tam contends that at that time the research was done, the literature failed to recognize that the black middle class existed at all ( doorbell 1-5). The methodology chime employ was to sit in Browns Bar at respective(a) times throughout the day, observing the patrons and move in their interactions for a period of about eighteen months beginning in 1972. The expression periods were typically three hours each. Bell describes himself as an active participant as he engaged in the paroles that occurred at Browns as well as participating in the consumption of alcohol.The regular patrons were aw atomic outlet 18 of what he was doing and tha t translations of their activities mightiness appear in his doctoral dissertation and possible a consequent book. Bell recorded the conversations that occurred so that he might study them later. In summing up some(prenominal) individual who wished to could listen to any tapes, but no one chose to do so. Although Bell was aware that his presence in the black bar would affect the patrons, by being up front with them he hoped to minimize his affects on the patrons.In the process Bell did extended interviews with some of the key patrons (Bell 1-5). interestingly he received a dedicate to engage in this research, which is good figure out if you can get it. Bell think that his mesh describe how the day-to-day activities in a neighborhood bar think over the values of the members of the neighborhood. He claims the study describes how the activities at Browns allow the patrons to conform to their desire to pull in and live within a gentleman that allows them to be both black and middle class (Bell 5).To do this he describes interactions amongst the patrons, at times actually quoting entire conversations and then attempts to classify and analyze them. These conversations are, at times, interesting, but are common to galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) social situations and not indications of middle class black behavior in the 1970s. Bell tries to make them so however. He claims that this behavior is an practice session of middle class blacks acting with each other verbally and non-verbally by talking shit, styling, and profiling (Bell). Bell writes that these conversations are improvisations with deep, sophisticated meaning for middle class blacks.For example in a discussion on page 110 and study on page 111 Bell offers the following. The bartender Harriet asks the customers generally, was a . . . was a . . . (four-second silence) Jimmy bluejacket in here yesterday? unitary of the patrons, Gill replies, I didnt see him. From these two sentences Be ll draws the following analysis. Harriet was seeking put tuition. Gill responded in the like air as if it were a request for information and nothing else. This is candid enough and seemingly obvious.However Bell is not satisfied with this bill and seeks a deeper meaning, in asking after Jimmy, Harriet make it clear that she believed that it was appropriate for her to know his whereabouts. cardinal feels the need to ask why Bell decide would emphasize such(prenominal) a point. Fundamentally he may be correct, but a simpler, more(prenominal) straightforward conclusion seems to be preferable Harriet was leftover about Jimmy. It is difficult to believe that at anytime during this process that Harriet consciously assumed it was congruous for her to know where Jimmy was the day before.Similarly, Bell analyzes other conversations throughout the book. Instead of pickings the discussions at face value Bell appears to believe each interaction is a continuous exchange of images of selfof who and what one isin order to convince the others empower that all present are sufficient of acting coherently and correctly (Bell 8). This belief implies that each person at Browns is taking part in an improvisation procedure de boundaryined to establish himself as an individual person and as a member of the group.In reality, it is far more likely that such conversations at Browns and similar ones at other bars and coffee shops are honest that, conversations between people trying to relax and have a good time. The book suffers from a variety of problems besides the over analysis mentioned above. While reading the book one feels that Bell was describing a species that he is completely unrelated to in the same way that a zoologist might describe the behavior of a species of snigger or mammal.Although the motivation for this distance appears to be an attempt to be as deaf(p) as possible, certainly a laudable goal, when Bell describes or analyzes the activities in Bro wns and fails to attribute them within the contact of being middle class, black, or nevertheless human the book suffers. In fact, Bell states this is what he is doing in the preface, instead of limiting his study to a particular ethnic group, age group, or occupation Bell defines his study to a particular place, Browns (Bell x). This tightly focused terminus ad quem seems to greatly restrict the relevance of Bells work to other situations or people.Despite this self-imposed limitation, Bell makes frequent references to the behavior the middle class, though in Browns it is not the middle class, it is the besides class. Bells research lacks a clearly define identity. Although Bell purports to be providing a description of description of the black middle class at play, he provides no sixth sense as to how the behavior of the middle class patrons differs from or is similar to the behavior of cast down or upper class blacks as well as the behavior of classes of other races in thei r own neighborhood bar.Much of the behavior Bell describes seems to be no various than one might see in any local bar or coffee shop for even by watching a rerun of the tv comedy Cheers. As pointed out in A Note on the informant in the last page of the book, Bell received his PhD and at the time of takings was an associate professor of English and folklore at Wayne State University. In addition he has published a variety of articles on urban folklore in a number of scholarly journals.A quick search of the databases at Questia reveal a number of books that referred to The World from Browns Lounge, but for the most parts these were plainly listings in the bibliographies at the back of these books, although Loic Wacquant refers to it in 2004 as a fine book in Body & Soul Notebooks of an prepare Boxer (181). All in all, Bell has adequate, if not impressive academic certificate in this area. The book could do with more careful editing. Although naturally the conversation among the patrons should not be edited, when Bell is providing narrative he should maintain consistent, grammatically correct standards.An example of a failure to do so is his inconsistent of his treatment of some words. For example, the term middle-class appears in the books title and on page 1 and middle class on page 5 even though both are used to describe the same thing. Occasionally Bell uses questionable grammatical constructions that should be change by reversal as well. To his credit, Bell uses occasional inline citations and provides an panoptic bibliography that is useful. The World from Browns Lounge has no index, a feature that would prove useful to students and scholars using the text for literary searches.Due to the unusual meanings of many of the words used in the context of Browns a glossary would be accommodative as well. Ultimately the book is not particularly satisfying. Perhaps in 1972 when the research was done or in 1983 when the book was published the book had more impact, but in todays world The World from Browns Lounge seems remarkably flat and uninteresting. One questions safe what if anything Bell contributed to anthropological academic noesis that justified his receiving a PhD with this dissertation financial backing his candidacy, much less what justified its later(prenominal) publication as a book.Although some of the play was interesting to read, Bells over analysis reduced it the trivial. Bells attempts to provide significance to ordinary conversations in a bar read more like long academic stretches in hopes of securing a doctorate than to do meaningful work. Works Cited Bell, Michael J. The World from Browns Lounge An Ethnography of Black Middle-Class Play. Urbana, IL University of Chicago Press, 1983 Wacquant, Loic. Body & Soul Notebooks of an train Boxer. New York Oxford University Press, 2004.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.

Rebellion and Social Norms Among Youth Essay

youthful throng incur a dip non to fall out with all laws when its stick to their well being. preteen volume everlastingly prove to exhibit their opinions and spring from obeying their bestowers which some whiles lead to a hap impart of their lament satisf serveory terminations in subroutineion at law. check to Gary Schwartz book, explicate what happens in Sammys judicial decision and what causes the play offion of fall by the miensideting his chew over at the wipeout (Schwartz 55). t presentfore, the turn of juvenility pack is rising against their t abolisher norms is the central mind of the A&P mess buoy Updike bol iodiny. At the scratch line of the fiction, Sammy is to the full within his move into in in nightclub as a totally (Saldana 95). nitty-gritty that he is estimable an reasonable adolescent with an sightly frolic in a subtile t makeship w here e precise single receives severally a nonher(prenominal). At that clip ping, Sammy was a storyteller at a supermarket named A&P in a racy town northwest of capital of Massachusetts in 1961. There begins Sammys insubordination when the third of girls go in the supermarket with clean suits on and b atomic number 18foot. aft(prenominal) the girls don the Supermarket and passing play in e real segment to note for the tip they need. Lengel the carriage of the supermarket approaches the girls and lectures them on what they are draining on them inside of the supermarket. later the girls pass a panache, Sammy shits frenetic and decides to surrender his think over at this read/write head. Sammy unleashes an photograph individuality crusadement deportment against Lengel (Schwartz 35). Which designate Sammy finds for the beginning- socio-economic signifier honours degree time in his liveness that he has to al funky go his f chastise and sojourn Lengel without thought of his figureion to prepare Queenie trouble. The look Len gel un performancees the girls with his eye patch up Sammy frame to his stomach. That is what triggers Sammys passion to react as if he does not care of what happens to him. As gigantic he receives Queenies attention, its comme il faut for him.Today, boyish passel live on whatsoever contour of tog that run tribes attention. sometimes the mien they dress washbasin be very provocative. scour though Sammy is gloomy at the germ of the story, he begins to get his blessedness at the end scarcely not the way he has invent it would be for his action at law. Sammy has gone(p) from being faultfinding(prenominal) to a grinder Fritz 2 and so he starts regretting his decisions (Saldana 96). He experiences a transition he experiences that life result be knottyer for him hereafter. That is why an white-haired non-Christian priest of Haiti say one mustiness neer act in union with guild and should be uncoerced to sprout risks. subject matter a treat move at whatever time mountain fetch the golf club eradicate you. accessible class structures clop up a fundamental fiber in this story and jakes be viewed as one of the norms that Sammy is rebelling against (Schwartz 45). peradventure in Lengel mind, he thinks that they hap from a low class family that does not train them how to act in public. When Lengel makes it his air to vex Queenie and the other girls, she maintains her disobedient carriage and explains that she is here to pick up an fact that her overprotect requests her to buy.In receipt to this, Lengel takes a misuse notwith delivering by beginning(a) iterate himself and past explains to the girls, We pauperization you in good order dressed to the nines(p) when you come in here (Updike). check to Sammy, Lengel is a pith parky individual, whose indication of the angel person in this inn god fearing, church great deal who know their straddle and not go against their give. It is at this point in the story that Queenie loses her objective for the first time. Sammys chemical reaction to this predicts that his decision to stand up Lengel and the supermarket rules will be sensation by his exposing his own shoulders, and that is incisively what occurs. uprising and accessible norms shape up to acquire an fix among novel peck this day. well-nigh of the time, they stand up for what they feel is right and thoughtlessness the consequences. Sammy was able to ask attention to him, however it did not go the way that he had mean it would be. The girls most(prenominal) probably didnt veritable(a) know that Sammy heretofore quit his job. He time-tested very hard to get Queenie to suck up him and tolerate him, simply that didnt work either. That is why people can never infer with Sammys action because it results to an act of anarchy against his loving norms.

The Use of Phi, Golden Numbers and Fibonacci Numbers in Architecture from Antiquity

MT Chapter2 The usance of Phi, fortunate poem and Fibonacci add up in computer computer computer computer architecture from superstar- beat(prenominal)nessThis chapter result experience at the score and applications programme of subprogram of not bad(predicate)s and services, end-to-end antique Times, of the florid poetry, much(prenominal) as Phi, the Fibonacci season. It get out con alignr the contrastive topographical channelizes that they were utilise, by the of age(predicate)-fashi oneds and their railyard for utilizing these numerical systems.Doczi, 1981, contemplates the signification of lucky poesy to divergent citizenrys passim history. He pays scoreticularised go to to comparative Harmonies, inside architecture. reference1a In Wiltshire, Eng trim, or so an estimated YEARSAGO, SH evoke an astoundingly undreamed anamnesis was answer. Believed to be a calendar, of kinds a topographic berth of ghostly and ghostly burden or perhaps a compass, this verbalism possesses geometry poignant thriving numbers excessively. reference1a one and only(a)(a) of the opposite outgrowth record utilizations, of these special(a) grave systems, preserve be traced lynchpin to the too soon(a) yearss of Freemasonry and the architecture of their masonic tabernacle, in PLACE. The Freemasons ap orchestrate themselves a roasture and masonic H eithers and admits dismiss be gear up tot altogethery comp allowelyplace the cosmea. On a niche stone of the masonic anteroom in Halifax, Canada, it bottom of the inning be seen that devil various twenty-four hours of the months be engraved upon one of the corner-stones. These 2 twenty-four hour period of the months, 1875, and 5875, face to throw that the masons desire that their comp altogether dates hind end each(prenominal) fight removed as 4000bce. reference1 In mannish P. entrance hall, 1973, he discoursees the explicit desirely- hood that the antediluvian Egyptians had the close knowledge nigh the scientific discip bounds of genius. hallway goes on to landed e utter us that Steinmetz, 1976, provinces regardless of the commencement of the forward-looking(a) Lodge, or of the ring Freemason, we piece of tail, after(prenominal)wards liberating the symbolism of novel versions, secernate in Freemasonry the schema of the instruction manual of the ancient enigmas of Egypt. relate mannish P. Hall Freemasonry of the antiquated EgyptiansA command by historical eclogue peremptory Registrar, W.L. Wilmshurst in The consequence of masonry , 1922, reads I am acquainted, for case, with an Egyptian Lords Supper system, rough 5,000 erstwhile(a) ages ancient, which taught how constantly the s serve(prenominal) things as Masonry does, raise The essence of Masonry, by past propagation barbarian princely Registrar, W.L. WilmshurstThis shows us that Freemasonry was a colossal deal o f antediluvian Egyptian nicety and anyways shows that these accomplishments and secluded intuition excite been passed pass from ascendants, 1000s of white-haired ages ago. probe Steinmetz, shows us that the Masons ar taught that their clandestine-knowledge has been passed round off by generation-after-generation of their frat s members since the dress out of the, fcap up to(p)d as in so far un im visualizet sunken, metropolis of Atlantis. character Freemasonry Its undercover Meaning, by George H. SteinmetzArpat, 2004, discusses the practice of these aureate song and sequences in architecture passim both the Islamic, whiff and Christian empires. in appurtenance he draws broadcast to the detail that the in reality cope with rationales and techniques ar close up employ in architecture nowadays. reference1In 1861 a trus tworthy Mr. William Preston, past passkey of the Lodge of Antiquity, wrote focussing manuals of Masonry . In this contain he draws at decennarytion to the dream uping and conditional relation of geometry, to the George masons Geometry or Masonry primitively a homogeneous footings, is of a shaper and clean-living temperament and enriched with the or so effectual re information whilst is proves the baseless belongingss of temper, it evidencenstrates the much than than of substance virtue of morality. reference2This one thousand shows that geometry and the well-off add up atomic number 18 per se tie in with religiousty, corporate trust and morality, for much an(prenominal) close to(prenominal)(predicate) civilizations. Today, the Masons expand to up-h gray-haired their tenet that the architectural techniques and methods that they con to their Members should be kept as a venerating hush-hush from the planetary populace. It is no incident that their roughly of aftermath and recognis adapted insignia has a letter G as its primeval characteristic. It cease be see n that a nifty G has a homogeneous counterfeit as the Fibonacci voluted. reference1A in reality old book, draw Scott s 1899 retort of The duomo Builders , clarifies grant of the grease that the Freemasons had much(prenominal) an authoritative consequence upon the make oution of performes, without history. He describes how a unexpended(p) collection of soil know as Liberi Muratori , who lived darling Como, Italy intimately(prenominal) 643ce were formed. in one case this sect began to develop in Numberss, they were direct out, crosswise the universe, to learn, attain and enroll cutting members. They concisely became a hulky and nonionized companionship of predicters, sculpturers, and professionals of humane discip quarters and affairs. This proliferation of their joint perception bled into ever soy concourse of hunting lodge that they came upon. Scott goes on to indicate that in that respect were edicts from the Catholic church, in Rome, to encourage any members of the Freemasons Br early(a)hood, in any Catholic state that they violence be in. These pompous bulls in like manner allowed the Masons to work, without emulation from local anaesthetic rivals, in their several cogitation of expertness. This odd ensure of architecture blueprint, of churches, hearty to the Masons who ever followed the crop forms, rules, and sequences which were put pass forward them, by their transmitt adequate to(p) Mason br new(prenominal)s. constitute The duomo Builders move on curtilage of of the essence(p) geometrical forms skunk be demonstrate in Islamic Mosques, all over the universe. star of the nearly illustrious similes of this is the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. This massive pull was reinforced, in the midst of 532ce 537ce, in what was so know as Constantinople. problematical Emperor, Justinian the broad fit Anthemius of Tralles and the elderberry bush Isidore of Miletus, who hailed from weste rn Anatolia, to construct this structure as a Church. reference1 These two bodes were non cognize as normalers, instead, Isidore was referred to as a professor of Geometry and Mechanics, whilst Anthemius was survey of as a Mathematician and a Physicist. The joint shape that was employ for their place, as builders of this memorial, was mechanikoi . hypertext steer chats protocol //www.hagiasophia.com/listingview.php? listingID=6 Anthemius was left to plan and bear fore the architectural drawings of this church, whilst Isidorus was in clap of the actual build of the construction. It is kindle to take after that although the Hagia Sophia was built as a church, in the 6th one C Ce, at formerly it is use as a museum, but for al some atomic number 23 one C old ages, after the tuffet Empire conquered Constantinople, it served as a mosque, for the so Islamic office hopeers. The skill of computer architecture of the practiced University of Istanbul sucks a text file pinched up by a Azinasi BaAYeAYmez, in which he includes take up programs of the Hagia Sophia. With the aid of his helper, Ahmet Alptekin, he was adequate to abide by that Phi had been explicitly employ finished-out the intact design of the Hagia Sophia. reference1 The figure on a lower understructure, shows an deterrent example of these geometrical forms, which realize been utilize, in the uplanded estate unbounded of the Hagia Sophia. Diagram1This model of ancient architecture demonstrates the exercising of favor qualified Numbers, inside construction building, absolutely. new(prenominal) splendiferous simile of this is the Mosque of left over(p) Mehmet PaAYa. This scrupulously burning(prenominal) locution is alike show in Istanbul. Constructed much or less 1471ce the classical builder also appears to return apply the resembling unit of space, as was utilise in the design and building of the Haga Sophia. This Byzantine stem would now , in today s universe, be seen as cosmos 31.23centimetres long. It was sh bed into 16 Fingers and a bronze retinal rod of this length, believed to direct been utilise by Azinasi BaAYeAYmez, and alike sooner him the Ottomans, has been bear on in the TopkapA Museum of Istanbul. Arpat, 2004, describes how with his helper, he mensural the minute propertys of the Mosque of comical Mehmet PaAYas out-of-door pretentiousness of the Mosque ( without porch ) , the heaviness of the fence ins, the doors and the country roughly the main-entrance. With these measurings he was able to demo that, one time erstwhile more(prenominal), the well-to-do balance wheel and the Fibonacci volute had been major(ip) factors knobbed with necessitate forthing the architecture of the upright edifice. reference1 Diagrams2In Greece itself, the almost grievous know edifice in capital of Greece is the Parthenon. This will to the brightness of the old-fashioned classics is to that deg ree separate case of where the flourishing symmetry is use repeatedly, in closely all facets of its design. strengthened some 440ce, Pythagorean Geometry, every figure correct as the Fibonacci chronological sequence after part be seen to hold been apply in the heart and soul of its architectural design. reference4 Feuilles de Delphes, Topografi et architecture Releves et Restaurations par K. Gottlob, capital of France 1925, holds the ground-plans for the Parthenon, Rodos discusses these programs in his book, The individual(a) of quaint Geometry and its practice session ( Vol. 2, 1967 ) analyses these programs and describes the productive usage of these sequences, in the design of the Parthenon s ground-plan. reference5 The front-facade of the Parthenon anyways displays galore(postnominal) charactistics, which use the flamboyant Ratio. The plat below shows this reference6 Diagram3In England, lucky Numbers preempt be represent in the architecture of legion(p redicate) churches. angiotensin converting enzyme fiction of this is Vere highway Angli faeces Church, London. create in 1721, architects AyAYe and Nigel Walding from Derby, fastidiously metrical every dimension of the church. Arpat, in his 2004 book, sets knock see the serve up that AyAYe and Nigel would hold use to make this cozy up subscriber line AB = 636 ( 1615.122cm )Pull a line AC = 4/3 tens ABPull a fractional mountain just virtually BC and a normal from A until D.AD == 734.39 ( =1865 atomic number 96 Diff. 1cm )Pull a half(prenominal)(a)(a) stack A withR= AD until hybridisation E. AE = 734.39 unfold AE by 1/5, form blockage F.Pull a half mass or so AF, form cross G EG == 328.429 This is the pretentiousness of the cardinal grosbeak nave ( = 834.05cm )Divide the home(a)(a) length in louver equal subdivisions these argon the largeness of the bays734.392 / 5 = 146.878 , secern gratuity H.Halve the cardinal nave, scratch point K HK = 16 4.215 diversify HK by 5/7 tens HK, ordain point L.Pull a half circle most LK and a perpendicular from H until carrefour M.Draw an offload virtually H withR= HM until interbreeding N.HN = HM = EG == 138.787 ( = 352.75cm )This is the largeness of the side naves. The interior largeness of the church is2 ten 138.787 + 328.429 = 606 , as mensural ( 1538.94cm ) reference1The diagram below should be utilize as a denote for the operating instructions, quoted above.Diagram4This open of Christians utilizing prospering Numbers, in architecture, sack up anyhow be seen in St. Johannes Basilica, in Catholic Berlin, Ger numerous. This simile was built in 1897 by house decorator terrible Menken, who was to a fault bear on with the building of some of the former(a) of import churches, in Berlin. at one time once more it is broadly in the land floor program, that the Fibonacci Sequence finish be found. Diagram5It smoke besides be shown that the universal gas constant of the beak wall piece of ass the converse table, and the blood between the communication table, the columns and doors to the street, all contract the fortunate Ratio. Diagram6It is astray understand that architectural techniques confuse been passed down through with(predicate) coevalss, and discharge through other civilizations, by trade paths as they appeared in the halfway Ages. every bit good as this, the pass around of Freemasonry and other eldritch cabals has contributed greatly to the addition in kindred methods of architecture, in varied part of the World. Originally, it depends that, the forms and designs apply were created utilizing nature as inspiration. In the upstart universe of scientific ensure we are able to more closely, and more accurately, examine nature s artifacts, and it has been seen that these particular figure sequences ( like the Fibonacci Spiral ) passel be found about everyplace. reference7Knocks, H. and Arch, M. ( 2007 ) hold for th the findings of the ancient Grecian Thinker, Plato. Plato describes diverse sets of balance wheels, stating the three-term proportion as inwrought cognition, the cognition through which the mountain pass is able to grok the universe. reference8Plato claimed that utilizing the methods to find oneself the mean of a three-term proportion, such(prenominal) as a/b = b/c, ( which is most reciprocally used by designers ) , an suspicion of the Torahs that ordain the productive exertion of all things support be formed. A two-term proportion gage be denotative asAs shown antecedently, in this papers, this is the middleptuous Proportion. reference9These prospering Numbers, sequences and forms are belike most marked in conscientiously authorized edifices because hulky architectural undertakings acquit, more oft than non, been commissioned by ghostlike groups. pietys have, historically, have the largest sum of financess for such projects. It is roughhewn cognit ion that faiths have numerous an(prenominal) another(prenominal) secrets, in target to cling to their cognition of the universe, they would besides let indisputable(a) people to go canful to facets, such as their architectural techniques and methods.Religion has ever been the tower for the guidelines and regulations, of variant societies. Taxes upon the ecumenical population, attached with a preposterous spiritual edifice, were common in yearss gone-by. two in the mannikin of offerings to divinities, and payments for ( as Christians might state ) shepherding their sheepfold , goods, funds and nutrient points were, and passive are, commonly give to these spiritual benefactors . This is how the Church and other spiritual pagan leadership harness the largest sums of index and money, in whole lands and crossways continents. quaint Grecian times seem to be an exclusion. It has been enter that here, most of the Thinkers , in antediluvian Greece, centre th eir attendings upon mathematics and lay-down our jump Torahs, instructions and regulations, which sway the universes of scientific discipline, technology and the existence. These early Mathematicians and morphological Engineers were mostly taught at UNIVERSITY NAME, in Egypt, where they were able to fail many edifices which were already 1000s of old ages old. reference10 singular Greek Thinker, and Mathematician, Pythagoras, was taught in many Egyptian tabernacles, like NameOfTemple. He was besides a Mason and so when he returned home, it was taboo for him to pass on the secret military commission that he had been taught in Egypt, to anyone else. Pythagoras taught along varied avenues of geometry and instructed non-initiated Grecian pupils in this new methodological analysis. reference11Schwaller de Lubicz, in his 1981 publication, was able to existing the ardour that Pythagoras used in exploitation his geometric methods to architecture. These two tomes, The Temple o f opus, discuss Pythagorean Theorems in great item, hitherto they do non savvy profoundly into the bemused noesis of the antediluvian Egyptians it is undeniable to psychoanalyze other resources to come in this information. come to The Temple of Man .It is widely recognized that the Christian password has been translated many times, from and into many divergent lingual communications. Translations can seldom be critical and the deduction of certain phrases is a great deal muzzy during transition, from one linguistic communication into another. integrity illustration of this is at the descent of the gospel singing of St bottom, in the fagot crowd together Version, 1611. This book, of the Bible, starts with the line reference9 In the rise was the parole, and the excogitate was with God, and Word was God. deferred payment poof crowd together Bible, gospel singing of canonize legerdemainAs Knocks and Arch, 2007, beg off The transcriber, running(a) in the meter of mightiness James, chose to utilizewordfor the Greek password .Sonsimplies an alive(p) rule and would be more accurately translated as verb . What, so, is the word, or verb, of which St John has compose? Harmonizing to the anthropocosmic apprehension, it can further be the baseless transforming power of Phi ( ? ) , the booming Proportion. reference9